class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide .title[ # Week 10:</br>Visualising</br>Processes ] .author[ ### Visual Data Analytics ] .institute[ ### University of Sydney ] --- <script type="text/x-mathjax-config"> MathJax.Hub.Config({ TeX: { Macros: { bA: "{\\mathbf{A}}", bC: "{\\mathbf{C}}", bv: "{\\mathbf{v}}", bw: "{\\mathbf{w}}", bx: "{\\mathbf{x}}", bX: "{\\mathbf{X}}", by: "{\\mathbf{y}}", bY: "{\\mathbf{Y}}", bw: "{\\mathbf{w}}", bW: "{\\mathbf{W}}", bK: "{\\mathbf{K}}", bz: "{\\mathbf{z}}", bU: "{\\mathbf{U}}", bS: "{\\mathbf{S}}", bff: "{\\mathbf{f}}", bD: "{\\mathbf{D}}", bL: "{\\mathbf{L}}", calL: "{\\mathcal{L}}", calM: "{\\mathcal{M}}", bbR: "{\\mathbb{R}}", bB: "{\\mathbf{B}}", bbb: "{\\mathbf{b}}", bLambda: "{\\boldsymbol{\\Lambda}}", bDelta: "{\\boldsymbol{\\Delta}}", bH: "{\\mathbf{H}}", bI: "{\\mathbf{I}}", biota: "{\\boldsymbol{\\iota}}", bN: "{\\mathbf{N}}", bQ: "{\\mathbf{Q}}" } } }); </script> # Outline - Flow Charts - PERT Chart - Gantt charts - Waterfall/ Funnel - More Sankey diagrams --- # Motivation - Many business processes are easier to understand if visualised. - This is particularly the case for project management. - In this topic we will not be visualising observations and variables as we did in other topics - However it does have similarities to graph theory and networks. --- class: middle, center, inverse # Flow charts --- # Processes - Critical to all businesses and large organisations. - Can be complex and missing steps can be disastrous. - Visualising processes with flow charts prevents such mistakes. - A flow chart helps with the organisation of workflow. --- # Elements of a flow chart - Start and end - Inputs and outputs - Processes - Outputs - Connections --- # Flow chart symbols  --- # How to cook pasta  --- # Uses of flow charts - We can use a flow chart to summarise our own workflow as data scientists. - Generate questions, tidy data visualise and back to questions again. - Flow charts can be useful to help you organise code. - Sometimes the best projects start out with pen and paper! --- # CPM/ PERT charts - In many operations the Critical Path Method (CPM) and Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) aid decision. - The full implications of these go beyond the scope of the course. - We will focus on the visual aspect. --- # More pasta  --- # Critical path - The purpose of CPM/PERT is to identify the *critical path*. - In the pasta example, boiling the water and cooking the pasta take longer than the sauce. - Any delays along the critical path leads to delays in the whole project. - Note that we are visualising this as if it were a network. --- # Gantt chart - The Gantt chart was popularised by Henry Gantt in the early twentieth century. - It was used primarily to make industrial processes more efficient. - It is particularly useful for showing how tasks can be done in parallel while waiting for other tasks to be completed. --- # Example  --- # In Python ```python import plotly.figure_factory as ff df = [dict(Task="Job-1", Start='2021-06-01', Finish='2021-07-02', Resource='Complete'), dict(Task="Job-1", Start='2021-07-15', Finish='2021-08-15', Resource='In progress'), dict(Task="Job-2", Start='2021-06-17', Finish='2021-07-17', Resource='Not Started'), dict(Task="Job-2", Start='2021-06-17', Finish='2021-07-17', Resource='Complete'), dict(Task="Job-3", Start='2021-08-10', Finish='2021-08-15', Resource='Not Started'), dict(Task="Job-3", Start='2021-09-01', Finish='2021-09-20', Resource='Not Started'), dict(Task="Job-3", Start='2021-08-18', Finish='2021-11-18', Resource='Not Started'), dict(Task="Job-4", Start='2021-06-14', Finish='2021-08-14', Resource='Complete')] fig = ff.create_gantt(df, index_col='Resource',show_colorbar=True, group_tasks=True) fig.write_html('gantt.html') ``` --- # Plot <iframe src="gantt.html" title="Gantt" width="700" height="500"></iframe> --- # Waterfall - The waterfall chart shows time across the horizontal axis and the cumulative effects of payments on the vertical axis. - It is useful for showing cash flows and revenue in financial analysis. - Different colors may indicate different types of cash flow. --- # Example  --- # Funnel - The funnel shows values across multiple stages. - Time is shown vertically - It is a special case of a Sankey diagram. - It is particularly useful in marketing applications --- # Example  --- # Setup in Python ```python import plotly.express as px data = dict( number=[4500, 1500, 750, 500, 250], stage=["Website visits", "Downloads", "Contacted by email", "Requested price", "Purchased"]) fig = px.funnel(data, x='number', y='stage') fig.write_html('funnel.html') ``` --- # Funnel plot <iframe src="funnel.html" title="Funnel" width="700" height="500"></iframe> --- # Python - Python code was not shown for every plot in this lecture. - While these plots are popular in business - They require dedicated packages in Python or - They can be customised with the usual visualisation libraries. - Often they are easier to create with other software. --- class: middle, center, inverse # Wrap-up --- # Conclusions - There are many ways to visualise processes. - Often these rely on a graph / network visualisation. - In other cases they are quite unique. - While these are often used for big organisations, you can use them as individuals to plan out your own workflows. --- class: middle, center, inverse # Questions